A Comparison of Person Centred and Existential Therapies

A Comparison of Person Centred and Existential Therapies Although person centred and existential therapies are both humanistic in their approaches both these therapies have many differences as well as similarities in the use of the therapy towards their clients. Yalom agrees with Rogers in that it is the therapeutic relationship that heals. However Yalom helps his clients from a philosophical stance in dealing with their problems. Furthermore this is where existentialism differs from Rogers’s person centred therapy Jones, R. (2006). This essay will compare and contrast person centred and existential therapeutic approaches to therapy. Whereas the person centred approach regards the individual as the authority on their own experience (Mulhauser, G. 2010). In contrast the existential approach views the client as having continual change and transformations throughout their experiences. However the person centred approach provides three core conditions that the client finds useful to aid them in their growth and therapeutic change these are according to Rogers as cited in Jones, R. (2006), the first is unconditional positive regard where Roger regards as the trust the therapist puts in the clients ability to constructive change. Furthermore Roger believed that as well as this trust placed in the client; that the therapists also have their own struggle in that the therapist must be mindful of the client’s ability to attain constructive self-direction if that respect is part of their personality. This then makes a critical feature of Rogers therapeutic approach and the relationship in which the client is valued, and respected as a worthy person (Jones, R. 2006). Empathic understanding is the next core condition Rogers as cited in Jones, R. (2006) suggests it is a empathic understanding the therapist shows in understanding and accepting the client’s point of view. Furthermore in understanding the clients’ thoughts as well as their feelings the therapist shows understanding it can also shows the c lient point view is important and accepted. However when Roger talks about the third condition congruence he is saying that the client does not need to â€Å"guess what the therapist is really like† (Mulhauser, G. 2010) however the therapist must be in touch with their feelings whilst still have awareness of these feelings which the therapist can communicate if appropriate (Rogers, 1962: 417) as cited in Jones, R. (2006). Which does not mean the therapist can come out with every feeling but must also try to avoid turning it from person centred to therapist centred; with therapists sharing their feelings this can be seen as strengthening the relationship between the therapist and client by being expressed genuinely. Furthermore these three conditions are what Rogers had confidence in that the client was able to use to develop their own identity, which resulted in the client experience of therapeutic change. Existential therapy on the other hand according to Mulhauser, G. (2010 ) is about â€Å"facilitating the client’s own encounter and, to work alongside them in the job of exploring and understanding their values, assumptions and ideals†. The therapist is concerned mostly with the client (Mulhauser, G. 2010). The same can be said of person centred approach is very similar by working with the clients own experiences to help them explore and understand their values, assumptions, and ideals. Furthermore this is where both therapies have similarities in that both types of therapies try not to impose their own bias or judgements during therapy or on the client (Mulhauser, G. 2010); this then helps the client to† figure out and expand on their perspective†, the main objective in helping the client to live life well. The clients own assessments of their own experiences and according to Mulhauser, G. (2010) â€Å"attributions of value may be replaced by creations partly or even entirely due to the pressures felt from other people†. Which Mulhauser, G.(2010) says that the â€Å"individual displaces personal judgements and meanings with those of others†. This may cause Psychological disturbances which can occur when the person’s self-concept clashes with their other experiences. Furthermore according to Mulhuser, G. (2010) the existential approach shows the same similarities with the clients capacity in making â€Å"well- informed choices about their own life and the attitude towards it†, this however highlights the need for the therapist to† remain in control of their own personal and professional assumptions†. He also goes on to suggest that whereas the existential approach is completely symmetric in giving emphasis to self-awareness. In contrast the person centred approach is considered asymmetric in the client self-awareness (Mulhauser, G. 2010). Furthermore he suggests that the existential idea works along similar to the person centred approach in that the† two of u s, you and me†, are responsible for the coming to grips with the vagaries of life, meaning, and even death† this is where the therapist should concentrate on the client and not themselves. Mulhauser, G. (2010) also says the same about the person centred approach in that the â€Å"two of us, you and me† are involved in different accomplishments, here the therapist reassures the client that they are there for them and to accept the client with unconditioned positive regard and to show congruently on them and not themselves (Mulhauser, G. 2010). On the other hand the existential approach wants to understand what it means to be human and what conflicts people face.

Global Warming effects human health Research Paper

Global Warming effects human health - Research Paper Example The research paper â€Å"Global Warming effects human health† describes various deteriorating health threats one is going to experience during his lifespans due to the reduced air quality and dreadful conditions of food and water to growing amounts of allergens and disastrous weather events. At present there is general unanimity that the Earth is warming at a faster level than the previous century’s where hunter-gatherer human existence. The previous decade was the warmest from the time when instrumental archives initiated in the nineteenth century. The reasons of this change are more and more well assumed that there is fresh and sturdier proof that most of the warming witnessed over the last fifty years is possibly ascribed by human actions, primarily the release of greenhouse gases produced from fossil fuels. Anxieties on the typical weather system are already producing effects on Earth’s surface. These comprise not only mounting surface temperatures, however, as well more and more recurrent floods and droughts, and variations in normal ecologies, for example earlier flowering of vegetation, and pole ward movements in the dispersal of numerous species. Such vicissitudes are intimately related to human health. Weather conditions disturb human health, through the bodily effects of weather excesses, and secondarily, through effects on the levels of contamination in the air, on the farming, marine and freshwater schemes that offer food and water, and pathogens that result in communicable ailments. This paper mainly explains health impacts of global warming, climate change, deforestation, global warming, greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases (McMichael). Global Warming Global warming is well documented by researchers all over the globe as a crucial community health and ecological anxiety. Mainly because of the use of fossil fuels, bigger levels of greenhouse gases in the air are resulting in greater global temperatures that cause adverse eco logical, air quality and human health concerns. The report on climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007, global temperatures have increased by 1.3?F over the previous century and are expected to rise between 2? and 11.5?F by 2100, Global warming has been perceived to reduce air quality, escalating sea levels, melting glaciers, dangerous hurricanes, more strong and extended droughts, more recurrent heat waves, forest fires and other threats to human health. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) stated that greenhouse gases cause air contamination and threaten the civic health and well-being of present and upcoming generations. California’s civic health toll due to air pollution is currently very high, and upshots in billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year as of early deaths and remedial mediations (see table-1for statistics). The California Air Resources Board (CARB) evaluations that revelation to harmful leve ls of Particulate matter and ozone adds to huge number of early deaths, asthma attacks, and admittance to hospitals and lots of lost school and work days from breathing and cardiac diseases each year. Particulate matter estimates for the major early demises linked with air contamination, even though ozone adds to hundreds of early deaths each year in California. Contact to great levels of air contaminants, as well as particle pollution, besides has been made known to lessen lung development and function in children, causing in weak lungs (Children’

PEST Analysis for Bank Muscat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PEST Analysis for Bank Muscat - Essay Example 1. History and growth of Bank Muscat The Bank Muscat is a commercial bank of Oman, founded on 30th April 1982. It has strong operational presence in sectors including corporate banking, investment banking, retail banking, and private banking. Currently, the Bank Muscat is the largest banking network in Oman with over 130 branches and assets worth more than US$18 billion (Bank Muscat). It has presence in overseas countries including Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait with a branch each and possesses a representative office in Dubai and UAE. The Bank Muscat is being continuously rated as the ‘best bank in Oman’ over the last several years and it has been awarded the Hewitt recognition as ‘the Middle East’s Best Employer 2009’ (Hewitt 2009). 2. PEST analysis of the company The PEST analysis is a potential tool to analyze the macro-economic environment of a business industry. This tool can be used to assess the market for the Bank Muscat. Political factors The political framework of Oman is in the form of an absolute monarchy where the Sultan of Oman acts as the head of government as well as head of state (Al-Azri 2012, p.1). The court system in Oman has three levels including Elementary Court (lowest level), the Court of Appeal (middle level), and the Supreme Court (highest level). Since Oman is an absolute monarchy, it has clear long term policies regarding the banking development in the country. The recent global recession has persuaded the Sultanate of Oman to focus more on sustainable banking development. Therefore, the Oman government greatly supports Bank Muscat’s efforts to strengthen its market position and to expand its banking business. The strong government assistance benefited the Bank Muscat to become the first company from Oman to be listed on the London Stock Exchange. In addition, Oman maintains better diplomatic relations with US and India; and this strength is likely to contribute to the Bank Muscat’s future growth. Economical factors Oman is a Middle East country which has been achieving significant GDP per capita growth rates for the past half a century (Gonzalez 2008, p.154). The country has significant oil and natural gas reserves and they appear to be the main source of revenues for the country. As studies indicate, the intense modernization efforts taken by Oman to improve its people’s living standards and to attain a significant position in the global marketplace are also promoting the operations of the Bank Muscat. Since Oman is one of the Middle East countries with no national debt, investors view Oman as a stable economy and they are willing to invest in the country (Doing business in Oman). This favorable economic situation greatly assists the Bank Muscat to attain the trust of investors and hence to promote their banking operations easily. As of the quarter ended on 31st March 2009, the net profits of the Bank Muscat nearly doubled to â€Å"OMR 48.42 million f rom OMR 26.54 million in 1Q08 (GCC First reaction paper 2009). Finally, competitive interest rate set by the Bank Muscat would safeguard the interests of its clients and the situation in turn may assist the bank to raise huge operating funds. In total, the country’s economic spectrum offers a prosperous future for the organisation. Social factors With the failure of a number of banks across the globe, Oman’